Showing posts with label Equalized Valuation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Equalized Valuation. Show all posts

Thursday, November 13, 2025

Update on Equalized Valuations, 2026

 This is just my annual post on changes in Equalized Valuation.

As usual,  Equalized Valuation is half of the calculation of Local Fair Share.

The 25-26 formula is:

For 2025-26, the Local Fair Share formula is

(Equalized Valuation x 0.014949314 + Aggregate Income x 0.059963161)/2


Jersey City gained $9.2 billion. That'll be enough to cement its loss of Equalization Aid, although it should still retain the excess aid that Phil Murphy allowed it and other overaided districts to have in 2025-26.


And here are five year gains for counties





Thursday, December 8, 2022

Equalized Valuation Changes for FY2023

New Jersey's 2023 Equalized Valuations are out again.  Changes in Equalized Valuation allow us to track changes in real estate growth and is a rough proxy for economic and population growth.

Since Equalized Valuation is half of the calculation of Local Fair Share, knowing districts' Equalized Valuations allows us to make predictions about state aid for 2023-24.

The following is a rough draft of some changes in Equalized Valuation.  My time budget does not allow for a more detailed post.

The big statewide news for Equalized Valuation is that NJ as a whole was up by +11.53%, the largest single-year increase I've seen.  Inflation has been 8%, so we have to take that into consideration and the fact that high-prices are not good for anyone entering the market, but it was a good year for NJ real estate developers and incumbent property owners.

It was actually a good year for most of New Jersey's urban core, with Jersey City, Newark, Atlantic City, Elizabeth, Trenton, and Paterson up by double digits. 

City20222023Change
Atlantic City$2,752,388,675$3,186,835,40315.78%
Jersey City$45,362,027,053$53,311,025,17617.52%
Newark$14,465,468,748$16,441,726,27213.66%
Elizabeth$10,418,709,083$12,159,173,60316.71%
Paterson$8,998,986,504$10,232,169,04513.70%
Trenton$2,582,977,552$2,959,228,96014.57%
Camden$1,924,025,009$2,079,195,1008.06%
Hoboken$16,829,227,462$18,032,618,1477.15%
Statewide$1,430,600,617,782$1,595,543,344,68611.53%




 In recent years I've taken the time to point out that real estate growth in Newark was very slow and we should have nuanced reactions to stories about Newark undergoing gentrication, but 2021 to 2022 was a good year for NJ's largest city.

State Aid (with special attention to Jersey City)

The formula for Equalization Aid, the most important stream of state aid (it's 79% of all K-12 opex aid in 2022-23) is:

Equalization Aid = Adequacy Budget - Local Fair Share

The sub-formula for Local Fair Share 

(0.013089410*$7,948,998,123 x Equalized Valuation + 0.045610629 x Aggregate Income)/2

Which basically means that for every $1 million in Equalized Valuation a district gains, its Local Fair Share increases by $6,544.  If the Adequacy Budget is the same, its Equalization Aid would then decrease by $6,544.  For every $1 billion a district gains, its Local Fair Share increases by $6.5 million, with an equal decrease in its Equalization Aid.  

This is highly relevant for Jersey City because in 2022-23 Jersey City still receives $81.8 million in Equalization Aid (the Local Fair Share is $532,016,412 and the Adequacy Budget is $613,836,784).

Since Jersey City just gained $7,948,998,123 in Equalized Valuation, that increase alone will increase Jersey City's Local Fair Share by $52 million (0.013089410*$7,948,998,123 = $52 million).

Since there will be an increase in Jersey City's Aggregate Income and only a modest increase in the Adequacy Budget, it is probably that Jersey City's Equalization Aid will be $0 in 2023-24.

Counties



Ocean County's increase in EV was powered by Lakewood, which grew from $12,787,320,049 to $15,137,720,062 (+18%).


CountyFY2022FY2023Percent Change
Morris$100,371,465,846$106,672,870,3606.30%
Somerset$68,148,823,973$72,919,855,7607.00%
Middlesex$124,870,965,026$134,579,509,0607.80%
Mercer$48,441,263,992$52,492,331,8588.40%
Salem$5,291,911,739$5,753,106,4058.70%
Hunterdon$23,010,081,617$25,068,294,8448.90%
Bergen$193,321,100,266$211,489,673,8649.40%
Burlington$51,994,270,597$57,177,605,97910.00%
Essex$97,778,899,401$107,860,131,30810.30%
Sussex$18,952,106,460$21,042,879,04111.00%
Warren$11,983,166,544$13,331,611,14711.30%
Camden$42,668,255,444$47,515,984,65511.40%
Passaic$56,681,541,166$63,255,164,74711.60%
Union$82,180,500,394$92,786,150,81312.90%
Cumberland$9,238,093,282$10,483,440,08413.50%
Monmouth$145,489,775,105$165,157,472,61913.50%
Atlantic$34,633,360,265$39,388,308,32513.70%
Hudson$103,861,425,091$118,041,243,08213.70%
Gloucester$29,828,353,487$33,981,473,09613.90%
Ocean$119,022,397,054$140,368,062,14117.90%
Cape May$62,832,861,033$76,178,175,49821.20%
Statewide$1,430,600,617,782$1,595,543,344,68611.53%




Saturday, October 23, 2021

2022 Equalized Valuations are Out


New Jersey's 2022-23 state aid numbers will not come out until the governor's FY2023 budget speech and state aid surpluses and deficits in 2022-23 will be strongly affected by the new Education Adequacy Report, but we can get a sneak peak at some changes in NJ State Aid by analyzing changes in Equalized Valuation.

Analyzing changes in Equalized Valuation also gives us a view into the state's ever swirling economic currents and what towns are thriving, holding their own, stagnating, and declining.  

Source for Data: NJ Table of Equalized Values.

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New Jersey's total Equalized Valuation increased from $1,353,490,784,661 to $1,430,600,617,782, a 5.7% increase.  5.7% is larger than most recent years, but it is not much larger than inflation, which was 5.4%.  (No, housing prices are NOT calculated as part of inflation.)

In contrast to previous years when Hudson County grew by more than 10% and had growth equal to 25% of the state's total, Hudson County was in last place for 2020-21.  In fact, South Jersey and the Jersey Shore led the state.


Ocean County had another good year at 9.3% growth (+$2.7 billion).  30% of that growth came from Lakewood, which grew from $12 billion to $12.8 billion.  (The Lakewood Public Schools continue to be ineligible for Equalization Aid, contrary to what some judges think.)


The trend could be a state manifestation of the nationwide boom in car-dependent places enabled by remote-working..




In NJ we hear constantly about an "urban renaissance," but NJ's big cities are wildly divergent in their
 economic fates and it's impossible to generalize about them.  Jersey City and Hoboken have boomed,  but the other cities have tended to lag state averages. Newark's renaissance is part reality, but also exaggeration.



Changes in Equalized Valuation also allow us to estimate changes to each district's Local Fair Share, although since Local Fair Share is based on Aggregate Income and depends on the statewide Adequacy Budget which will surely increase as a result of the Education Adequacy Report, I can only estimate what will happen.  

The 2021-22 Local Fair Share multipliers were:


Equalized Val.  x  0.013767998

District Income  x  0.051821204

Which is really 0.724% of Equalized Valuation plus 2.64% of Aggregate Income.

Hence, I get the following estimates for Local Fair Share changes for NJ's largest school districts.

FY2021 Equalized ValuationFY2022 Equalized ValuationGrowth or LossEstimate of LFS Change from 2021-22 LFS Real Estate Multiplier
NEWARK$14,982,559,801$14,465,468,748-$517,091,053-$3,559,654
JERSEY CITY$44,232,603,821$45,362,027,053$1,129,423,232$7,774,948
PATERSON$8,357,271,633$8,998,986,504$641,714,871$4,417,565
ELIZABETH$9,205,643,641$10,418,709,083$1,213,065,442$8,350,741
EDISON18,032,657,681$19,057,739,251$1,025,081,570$7,056,661
TRENTON$2,353,253,026$2,582,977,552$229,724,526$1,581,423
CAMDEN CITY$1,831,881,725$1,924,025,009$92,143,284$634,314
TOMS RIVER REGIONAL16,548,612,072$17,900,054,286$1,351,442,214$9,303,327
PASSAIC CITY4,112,963,610$4,293,101,153$180,137,543$1,240,067
WOODBRIDGE12,596,646,914$12,857,998,640$261,351,726$1,799,145
UNION CITY4,661,686,444$4,727,594,311$65,907,867$453,710
HAMILTON TWP9,262,658,564$9,530,775,475$268,116,911$1,845,717
CLIFTON CITY10,616,935,162$11,331,152,347$714,217,185$4,916,670
CHERRY HILL TWP9,092,288,643$9,553,839,001$461,550,358$3,177,312



Factoring in Jersey City's income growth and the increase in the LFS multipliers from the Education Adequacy Report, Jersey City's Local Fair Share will likely increase by a few tens of millions, but probably not enough to eliminate its Equalization Aid, which was $84 million in 2021-22.


(See Education Adequacy Report Drives Big Changes to State Aid)

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